Criminal Law, Second Edition

Table of Contents

The Foundation and Heritage of the Criminal Law
Introduction: The Idea of Criminal Law
The Need for Tradition and Foundation
Criminal Law and the Common Law
A Survey of Legal Tradition
The Ancient Idea of Law and Crime
Early Medieval Legal Thought
Legal Thought in the Later Middle Ages
The Turning Point toward Our Modern System
The Enlightenment to Colonial Period
Definitions of Crime
Defining Crime
Crime as a Moral and Religious Judgment
Crime as Deviance and Aberration
Crime as Severity and Grade
Classification of Offenses
Treason
Felonies
Misdemeanors
Summary/Petty Offenses
Parties to Crimes
Principals
Accessories
Vicarious Liability
Imputing Criminality to Corporate Action
Actus Reus and Mens Rea
Idea and Mental State in Criminal Culpability
The Nature of a Criminal Act
Actus Reus: Voluntariness and Free Choice
Actus Reus: Commission versus Omission
Defining Mens Rea
Types of Mens Rea
Specific Intent
General Intent
Strict Liability
Mens Rea and the Degrees of Knowledge
Mens Rea with Purpose
Mens Rea with Knowledge
Mens Rea with Recklessness
Mens Rea and Negligence
Questions
Crimes against the Person: Homicide
Introduction: The Nature of Homicide
Murder in the First Degree
Murder in the Second Degree
Manslaughter
Provocation as Mitigator
Felony Murder Rule
Qualifying Felonies
Any Victim
Any Perpetrator
The Dilemma of Dual Intents
Negligent Homicide (Involuntary Manslaughter)
Suicide
Abortion
Crimes against the Person: Assault and Other Offenses
Introduction: Personal Offenses That Inflict Harm
Robbery
The Taking
Force
Kidnapping and Related Offenses
The Nature of Movement
The Nature of Force
False Imprisonment
Custodial Interference
Crimes Involving Bodily Injury
Assault
Simple Assault
Aggravated Assault
Mayhem
Harassment
Other Bodily Offenses
Protection from Abuse/Domestic Abuse
Hate Crimes
Terroristic Threats
Sexual Offenses against the Person
Introduction: Sexual Offenses against the Person
Rape
The Nature of Force
The Nature of Consent
The Nature of Resistance
The Nature of Sexual Penetration
The Nature of the Marital Exemption and Its Ongoing Challenge
The Nature of Gender in Sexual Offenses
The Nature of the Victim’s Character
Statutory Rape
Sodomy/Involuntary Deviate Sexual Intercourse
Necrophilia
Sexual Transmission of HIV
Incest
Failure to Protect Child from Abuse
Child Molestation
Crimes against Property
Introduction: Offenses against Property
Theft
The Taking
Asportation
The Property
Without License or Privilege
Special Statutory Designs in the Law of Theft
Theft of Services
Retail Theft
Auto Theft
Theft by Receiving Stolen Property
Theft by Intimidation (Extortion)
Theft by Unauthorized Disposition (Embezzlement)
Theft by Deception (Fraud)
Theft by Forgery
The Writing
Alteration, Modification or Change to a Writing
Specific Intent to Defraud
Bribery
Benefit for Favor
Commercial Bribery
Crimes against Habitation
Introduction
Burglary
The Breaking and Entry
Time of Day
Domicile or Other Qualified Structure
The Intents of Burglary
Criminal Trespass
Entry
Intent as to License or Privilege
Qualified Structure
Arson
Motive and Intent
The Nature of Fire
The Meaning of "Structure"
Criminal Mischief
Vandalism
Offenses Contrary to the Public Morality
Introduction: The Intersection of Law and Morality
Prostitution
Drugs and Controlled Substances
Legalization as Solution
Special Response: Drug Courts
Bigamy and Polygamy
Obscenity
The Nature of Obscenity
The Value and Quality of the Expression
Community Standard of Obscenity
Driving under the Influence/Driving While Intoxicated
Proof of DUI/DWI
Elements of the Offense
Inchoate Offenses
Introduction: The Nature of an Inchoate Offense
Solicitation
Criminal Attempts
Type of Intent
Overt or Substantial Step
Capacity and Impossibility
Conspiracy
The Agreement
The Overt Act
Special Case: RICO
Criminal Defenses
Introduction: Defending Criminal Actions
Criminal Defenses: Defense of Self and Property
Self-Defense/Defense of Others
Defense of Others
Defense of Property
Legal Insanity
Three Tests of Insanity
Guilty But Mentally Ill
Entrapment
Coercion/Duress
Mistake/Ignorance of Law
Mistake/Ignorance of Fact
Consent
Implied Consent